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KMID : 1812020230290020145
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Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
2023 Volume.29 No. 2 p.145 ~ p.155
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Achalasia: The Current Clinical Dilemma and Possible Pathogenesis
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Xingyu Jia
Songfeng Chen
Qianjun Zhuang
Niandi Tan
Mengyu Zhang
Yi Cui
Jinhui Wang
Xiangbin Xing
Yinglian Xiao
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Abstract
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Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder manifested by dysphagia and chest pain that impair patients’ quality of life, and it also leads to chronic esophageal inflammation by food retention and increases the risk of esophageal cancer. Although achalasia has long been reported, the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of achalasia are not fully understood. The current clinical dilemma of achalasia is mainly due to its unclear pathogenesis. In this paper, epidemiology, diagnosis treatment, as well as possible pathogenesis of achalasia will be reviewed and summarized. The proposed hypothesis on the pathogenesis of achalasia is that genetically susceptible populations potentially have a higher risk of infection with viruses, triggering autoimmune and inflammation responses to inhibitory neurons in lower esophageal sphincter.
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KEYWORD
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Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Esophageal achalasia, Etiology, Therapeutics
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